기후변화와 원자력 2022 (Climate Change and Nuclear Power 2022)
국제원자력기구(IAEA)는 기후변화대응 관련 원자력의 중요성 및 연구와 투자를 강조하고 있습니다.
The IAEA organized several key events at COP26 to facilitate an informed debate on the benefits and challenges associated with nuclear power and applications. Countries, international organizations, scientific experts and other members of civil society are more unequivocal than ever about the key role nuclear energy must play in responding to climate change, and the level of public acceptance and advocacy continues to rise. Nuclear now has a firm seat at the table, where it will again be represented by the IAEA at COP27 in Egypt in 2022. The science on nuclear power’s contribution is clear. Globally, nuclear power plants produce more than one quarter of all low-carbon electricity. Over the past five decades, nuclear power has cumulatively avoided the emission of about 70 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) — equivalent to the emissions from the entire global power sector in the five years between 2015 and 2019 — and continues to avoid more than 1 Gt CO2 annually. It is a welcome development to see policy better reflecting such evidence, with the inclusion of nuclear energy in many sustainable finance ‘taxonomies’ being developed around the world to drive investment in the clean energy transition. Nuclear energy, when working together with renewables such as hydropower, solar and wind, can enable countries to move away from fossil fuels and achieve their net zero targets, including through the use of low carbon hydrogen and heat. We are seeing an example unfold in the United Arab Emirates as the new Barakah nuclear power plant and large scale solar plants enter into service. Nuclear energy, moreover, reinforces climate resilience in energy systems. It can also ensure an affordable, secure and reliable energy supply, addressing challenges highlighted by the energy crisis of the past year and exacerbated by the war in Ukraine. As this publication shows in the case of Africa, nuclear energy is an option that can provide developing countries with reliable electricity to support socioeconomic development and industrialization, and to help meet their economic, social and climate goals. This is exemplified by the recent start in construction of Egypt’s first nuclear power plant at El Dabaa — also the first to be built on the continent in around 40 years. The contribution of nuclear energy to both climate change and energy security explains in part why countries are now scaling up their plans. The IAEA’s latest high case projection for 2050, based on a country-by-country assessment, sees a 120% increase in nuclear electricity production capacity from current levels, an upward revision of 80 gigawatts (equivalent to 50 large reactors) compared to last year’s projection. This revision reflects decisions supporting the long term operation of existing reactors, new construction of generation III/ III+ designs, and the development and deployment of small modular reactors. Such an increase will be needed if we are to reach our net zero climate goals, according to experts at the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the IPCC. This will require significant investment in nuclear energy. The IEA reminded us in June 2022 that without nuclear energy, realizing sustainable and clean energy systems will be “harder, riskier and more expensive”. This latest edition of Climate Change and Nuclear Power continues the IAEA’s contribution over more than 20 years to the analysis of nuclear energy’s role in responding to climate change. It complements other IAEA initiatives on energy and climate, including the fifth International Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Power in the 21st Century, to be held in Washington, D.C., USA, from 26 to 28 October 2022.
국내외 전문자료
2023-08-31
국내외 전문자료기후변화와 원자력 2022 (Climate Change and Nuclear Power 2022)
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