원자력 공급망 심층 분석 평가(Nuclear Energy Supply Chain Deep Dive Assessment)
미국은 93개의 원자로가 운영 중이며 더 안전하고 다양한 원자력 공급망 구축을 위한 연구 정보를 제공합니다.
Nuclear power plants (NPPs) produce 20 percent of the total electricity supply in the United States today and are the largest source of carbon-free energy.1 The current fleet comprises 93 reactors, and most are licensed to operate for 60 years. Six reactors have recently extended their operating licenses another 20 years to 80 total years of operation, and approximately 19 other reactors are pursuing similar extensions. Nuclear energy use in the United States has both near- and long-term implications for U.S. decarbonization goals through continued operation of existing nuclear power capacity, addition of advanced reactors for the power sector, and potential applications of nuclear technologies beyond the power sector, such as heat and synthetic fuel production. Numerous net-zero models illustrate the wide range of future energy supply that could be expected for nuclear, depending on the costs of nucleartechnologies, the costs of other energy options, and government policies, such as production tax credits (PTCs), investment tax credits (ITCs), clean energy standards, and carbon taxes. Modeling results for the contribution of nuclear in the power sector vary from approximately 10 percent to 70 percent. The Long-Term Strategy of the United States: Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050 includes scenarios with substantial increases in U.S. nuclear capacity and electricity generation.2 Two recent studies show how license extensions for current U.S. NPPs and innovation in nuclear are key to lowering the costs of achieving decarbonization goals.Kim et al. (2021) study estimates a cost savings of $330 billion from the contribution of the first 20-year license extension from 40 to 60 years (which has already been approved for 85 percent of today’s fleet). Further extending the fleet to 80 or 100 years would yield even larger cost savings. This study also shows that the combination of license extensions for existing nuclear plants and construction of additional units would further increase the cost savings by several hundred billion dollars. The Decarb America (2021)study focuses in particular on breakthroughs in advanced nuclear technologies that could spur additional deployment. 3 The modelingreveals that with nuclear innovation, decarbonization can be achieved at the second-lowest cost impact acrossthe various scenarios. Savings in the nuclear innovation scenario come from reduced spending on the electricity grid and on renewables compared to the other scenarios.When all technologies achieve cost effective innovation, nuclearwould provide 40 percent of power generation. With this background on the potential contributions from nuclear energy for meeting national decarbonization goals in a cost-effective manner, the remainder of this report describes the nuclear energy supply chain and investigates challenges for continued operation of today’s fleet and construction of advanced reactors. To successfully extend the existing domestic fleet of light water reactors underscores the importance of maintaining and improving this supply chain. New deployments for advanced nuclear technologies will require establishing new areas of supply chain and scaling those capabilities. Therefore, the supply chain represented here is a snapshot of existing and advanced nuclearin a time of significant innovation and change. As such, it is important to revisit this analysis in the future to ensure vulnerabilities are proactively identified and addressed. Direct employment at U.S. nuclear power plants is approximately 70,000 workers at an average wage of $39/hour, which is double the national median wage.4 Inclusion of secondary jobs supported by the U.S. nuclear industry raises total employment to 475,000 workers.5 Nuclear energy provides more local permanent jobs, and at higher average wage, than other energy sources. The industry’s annual output value as measured by electricity sales is approximately $40 billion. Through economic multiplier effects, each dollar of spending by nuclear plant operators creates an additional $1.04 in the local economy and $1.87 nationwide.6 The industry contributes $12 billion annually to federal and state taxes.7 In addition to nuclear plant construction and operation workers, the industry supports employment and economic activity at a wide array of supplier companies. The U.S. Nuclear Industry Council has over 80 member organizations (primarily vendors), and the Nuclear Energy Institute has over 300 (including utilities, universities, and other categories of organization in addition to vendors).8 Figure 1 shows the number of companies in the nuclear supply chain by state; the national total is more than 700 companies.
국내외 전문자료
2023-08-31
국내외 전문자료원자력 공급망 심층 분석 평가(Nuclear Energy Supply Chain Deep Dive Assessment)
- 국가미국
- 발행기관DOE (에너지부)
- 원본링크https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1871579
- 첨부파일
- 파일이 없습니다.